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Nasturtium

Scientific Name​

Tropaeolum.

Description​

Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is a popular annual flowering plant known for its vibrant blooms and edible features. Native to South and Central America, it thrives in a variety of garden settings, from ornamental beds to containers. The plant exhibits a trailing or climbing growth habit, with round, shield-shaped leaves and an array of bright flowers that can be red, orange, or yellow. These flowers bloom from late spring until the first frost, making them a favorite for providing seasonal color.

One of the appealing characteristics of nasturtiums is that both their flowers and leaves are edible. The leaves have a peppery flavor similar to arugula and can be used in salads, while the flowers add a splash of color and a mild, spicy taste. Additionally, the immature seed pods can be harvested and pickled as a substitute for capers.

Nasturtiums prefer well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade, though they are fairly tolerant of poor soil conditions, which is part of their charm for novice gardeners. They are particularly beneficial in companion planting, helping to deter certain pests while attracting beneficial insects like pollinators.

Gardeners appreciate nasturtiums for their low-maintenance nature, rapid growth, and dual purpose as both an ornamental and edible plant. Their attractiveness and ease of care make them an ideal choice for gardeners seeking vibrant color and functionality in their outdoor spaces.

Where it Grows​

When to Plant​

When to Plant Nasturtiums​

Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are vibrant, edible flowers that are perennials in their native habitat but typically grown as annuals in cooler climates. They are prized for their brightly colored blooms, unique foliage, and culinary uses, making them a favorite choice for both ornamental and edible gardens. Understanding the optimal planting time is crucial for successful cultivation.

Climate and Frost Considerations​

Nasturtiums thrive in warm weather and should be planted after the last frost date in your area. They prefer temperatures between 60°F and 75°F (15°C to 24°C). It's essential to check your local climate conditions:

  • Frost Dates: Look up your region's last expected frost date. A good rule of thumb is to wait about 2 weeks after this date to ensure the soil has warmed sufficiently for successful germination.

Timing for Direct Sowing​

If you plan to directly sow seeds into the garden:

  • Spring Planting: Direct sow nasturtium seeds outdoors in the spring, when the soil temperature reaches at least 60°F (15°C). This is generally 1-2 weeks after the last frost date.
  • Fall Planting: In mild climates, some gardeners choose to plant nasturtiums in the fall, allowing them to establish before winter, provided the conditions allow for continued growth.

Starting Indoors​

For those interested in an earlier start:

  • Indoor Seed Starting: You can sow nasturtium seeds indoors 3-4 weeks before the last expected frost date. Use biodegradable pots to minimize root disturbance during transplanting.
  • Transplanting: Once seedlings have developed their first true leaves and the outdoor conditions are suitable, they can be transplanted into the garden.

Soil Temperature and Conditions​

Nasturtiums thrive in well-drained soil with moderate fertility. They are relatively tolerant of poorer soils, which can enhance their vibrant flower production:

  • Soil Temperature: Ensure the soil is warm enough to encourage germination. A soil thermometer can be an excellent tool for this.
  • Soil Preparation: Loosen the soil and amend it with organic matter if necessary to improve drainage.

Observational Tips​

Observing the natural surroundings can also guide you:

  • Monitor local gardening norms and when your fellow gardeners typically plant nasturtium.
  • Pay attention to the natural warming trends of your environment.

Conclusion​

To sum up, the best time to plant nasturtiums is in the spring, post-last frost, when the soil temperature is comfortably warm. For gardeners in warmer areas, a fall planting may also yield success. Whether sowing seeds directly into the garden or starting them indoors, following these guidelines will ensure a flourishing display of vibrant flowers while enjoying the additional culinary benefits they offer.

How to Plant​

Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are vibrant, fast-growing annuals that are not only beautiful but also edible, attracting beneficial pollinators to your garden. Planting nasturtiums is straightforward and rewarding.

Choosing the Right Location: Select a sunny spot with well-drained soil. Nasturtiums thrive in poor to average soils, which enhances their flavor. Avoid overly rich soils, as they can lead to excessive foliage at the expense of flowers.

When to Plant: Plant nasturtiums in spring after the last frost or in early summer for a late-season bloom. They can also be sown indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost.

Seeding Process: You can sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors. If you direct sow, plant seeds 1/2 to 1 inch deep and 10-12 inches apart, with rows spaced 12-16 inches apart. For indoor starts, transplant seedlings when they have at least two true leaves.

Watering: Water young plants regularly, but avoid over-watering. Once established, nasturtiums are relatively drought-tolerant.

Additional Care: Thin seedlings if necessary and pinch back tips to encourage bushier growth. With minimal care, you will be rewarded with beautiful flowers throughout the summer months.

Watering​

Nasturtium plants, known for their vibrant flowers and edible leaves, thrive with a careful watering strategy that balances moisture without making the soil soggy. The best approach involves allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between watering sessions. This encourages deep root growth and helps prevent issues like root rot, which can occur in overly wet conditions.

During their growing season, typically from spring to early fall, water your nasturtiums deeply but infrequently, aiming for once every week to ten days depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Early mornings or late afternoons are the ideal times to water, minimizing evaporation and potential fungal issues. Mulching around the plants can help retain moisture while also suppressing weeds. Always monitor your plants, as the frequency may need to be adjusted due to changes in weather or soil conditions.

Pruning​

Pruning nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) is essential for maintaining their health and promoting bushier growth. The best strategy involves a few key steps:

  1. Timing: Start pruning in late spring or early summer when plants are actively growing. Regular maintenance throughout the growing season is beneficial.

  2. Tools: Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to prevent injury to the plant and reduce the risk of disease.

  3. Techniques: Focus on removing any dead or yellowing leaves first. This improves air circulation. Then, pinch back the tips of stems to encourage branching and a fuller appearance. Regularly removing spent flowers will also promote continuous blooming.

  4. Frequency: Prune every few weeks. This not only keeps the plant tidy but also stimulates fresh growth and more blooms.

By following these strategies, you can enjoy vibrant, healthy nasturtiums that enhance your garden.

Weeding​

Weeding around Nasturtium plants effectively requires a combination of care and technique. The best strategy begins with a regular maintenance schedule, ideally checking the garden weekly, to catch weeds early before they establish strong roots.

Use a lightweight hand weeder or gardening fork to gently remove weeds while being cautious not to disturb the shallow roots of your Nasturtiums. It's best to weed after a rain or watering, as the soil will be softer, making it easier to pull weeds up by their roots.

Mulching can also be a proactive approach; laying down a layer of organic material, like straw or wood chips, around the Nasturtiums will suppress weed growth and retain soil moisture. Remember to hand-pull any weeds that emerge directly adjacent to the plants to prevent competition for nutrients and water, which can hinder the growth of your vibrant Nasturtium flowers and foliage.

Mulching​

Mulching is an excellent strategy for enhancing the health and growth of Nasturtium plants (Tropaeolum majus). The primary goal of mulching is to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and improve soil quality. When mulching Nasturtiums, consider the following steps:

  1. Timing: Apply mulch after the plants have established themselves, typically once they are about 4–6 weeks old. This allows their roots to settle and benefit from the mulch's moisture-retaining properties.

  2. Material Selection: Use organic mulches such as straw, shredded leaves, or wood chips. These materials break down over time, enriching the soil with nutrients.

  3. Application Depth: Spread a layer of mulch 2-3 inches deep around the base of the plants, ensuring it doesn't touch the stems, which can prevent rot.

  4. Maintenance: Replenish mulch as it breaks down, particularly in warmer months, to maintain its effectiveness. This helps to keep the soil temperature stable and provides ongoing nourishment for the Nasturtiums.

By following these guidelines, you can foster healthier growth and vibrant blooms in your Nasturtium plants.

Fertilizing​

When it comes to fertilizing Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus), a light-handed approach is key. These plants thrive in less fertile soil, which enhances their vibrant blooms and encourages bushier growth. Over-fertilization can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers.

The best strategy includes preparing the soil before planting by mixing in a balanced, slow-release organic fertilizer at half the recommended rate. Once established, you can apply a diluted liquid fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season, again opting for a lower concentration to prevent excessive leaf growth.

If your Nasturtiums show signs of nutritional deficiency, such as yellowing leaves, a mild liquid fertilizer with a balanced N-P-K ratio can be applied. Overall, maintaining nutrient levels without overwhelming the plant helps to promote a healthy, vibrant display.

Varieties​

Common Varieties of Nasturtium​

Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum spp.) are beloved for their vibrant flowers and edible leaves, making them a popular choice among amateur gardeners and hobbyists. There are several varieties of nasturtiums that differ in flower color, size, and growth habits. Below are some of the common varieties:

  1. Nasturtium 'Empress of India'

    • Description: Known for its striking dark foliage and bright red to orange flowers, this variety stands out in any garden setting. The leaves are darker compared to other varieties, providing a lovely contrast.
    • Growth Habit: This variety grows as a compact bush, making it suitable for container gardening.

  2. Nasturtium 'Alaska'

    • Description: Recognized for its marbled green and cream leaves, 'Alaska' offers a unique look alongside its brightly colored flowers that can be yellow, orange, or deep red.
    • Growth Habit: This compact variety is ideal for borders or mixed planters, providing both visual interest and culinary use with its edible blooms and leaves.

  3. Nasturtium 'Jewel Mix'

    • Description: This variety features a colorful assortment of blooms in shades of yellow, orange, and red. The vibrant flowers attract pollinators and can brighten up any garden space.
    • Growth Habit: 'Jewel Mix' can grow as both a trailing plant and a bushy variety, making it versatile for different planting situations.

  4. Nasturtium 'Tip Top'

    • Description: A dwarf variety, 'Tip Top' is characterized by its smaller stature and round flowers in a mix of colors, including yellow, orange, and red.
    • Growth Habit: This compact nasturtium is perfect for small gardens or window boxes and is also suitable for edging.

  5. Nasturtium 'Carnival Mix'

    • Description: This variety presents a delightful combination of colorful flowers and varied leaf patterns. Blooms are generally in shades of orange, red, and yellow, attracting gardeners eager for a lively display.
    • Growth Habit: 'Carnival Mix' is generally bushy and upright, making it easy to manage in garden beds.

  6. Nasturtium 'Peach Melba'

    • Description: This variety offers a unique color palette, with delicate peach and creamy yellow flowers. Its soft tones can add a subtle beauty to garden spaces.
    • Growth Habit: 'Peach Melba' can grow as a trailing plant, ideal for hanging baskets or cascading over garden walls.

Conclusion​

Nasturtiums are not only visually appealing but also serve practical purposes in the garden, such as attracting beneficial insects and repelling pests. Whether you prefer the dark foliage of 'Empress of India' or the vibrant hues of 'Jewel Mix,' each variety adds its unique charm and versatility to any gardening endeavor. When selecting nasturtium varieties, consider their growing habits and color preferences to enhance your garden’s aesthetic and functionality.

Health Benefits​

Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is not only celebrated for its vibrant flowers and peppery leaves in culinary uses but also recognized for various health and wellness applications. The plant is rich in vitamins C and A, as well as several antioxidants, making it beneficial for boosting the immune system and promoting skin health.

One prominent application is its use in traditional medicine for respiratory ailments. The anti-inflammatory properties found in nasturtium help soothe colds and coughs, while its expectorant qualities can assist in clearing congestion.

Furthermore, the leaves and flowers have antibacterial and antifungal properties, and they can be used topically to treat minor wounds and infections. The high vitamin C content also supports collagen synthesis, promoting wound healing and skin regeneration.

In dietary practices, nasturtium can serve as a natural remedy for digestive troubles; its peppery flavor can stimulate appetite and enhance digestion. Some studies even suggest that extracts from nasturtium may have potential in combatting urinary tract infections due to their diuretic effects.

Overall, nasturtium is a multifaceted plant offering numerous health benefits that can be easily incorporated into various aspects of wellness and holistic living.

Fun Facts​

Fun Facts About Nasturtium​

  • Edible Beauty: Both the leaves and flowers of nasturtium are edible, offering a flavorful peppery taste. They are often used in salads and as a decorative garnish due to their vibrant colors.

  • Culinary Versatility: Beyond fresh salads, nasturtium leaves can be used in pesto, while the flowers can be candied or infused in vinegar to add a unique zest to various dishes.

  • Companion Planting Champion: Nasturtiums are excellent companion plants. They can deter pests like aphids and whiteflies, making them a natural pest-repellent when planted alongside more vulnerable crops, such as tomatoes and cucumbers.

  • Diverse Varieties: There are numerous varieties of nasturtium, ranging from trailing types that are perfect for hanging baskets to compact varieties suitable for garden beds, each showcasing different flower colors, including yellow, red, and orange.

  • Easy to Grow: Nasturtiums thrive in poor soil conditions and are drought-tolerant once established, making them an ideal choice for beginner gardeners looking to add a splash of color with minimal effort.

These fun facts highlight nasturtium’s dual role as both a beautiful ornamental and a functional plant in the garden, making it a popular choice among gardening enthusiasts.