Skip to main content

Smokebush

Scientific Name​

Cotinus coggygria

Description​

Smokebush, scientifically known as Cotinus coggygria, is a deciduous shrub or small tree renowned for its striking foliage and unique flowers. Native to Europe, Asia, and parts of North America, it typically reaches heights of 10 to 15 feet, with a spread of 10 to 15 feet, making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes.

The plant gets its common name from the feathery, smoke-like flower clusters that emerge in late spring to early summer. These blooms, which have a hazy appearance due to their long, silky pedicels, add a whimsical touch to gardens, creating an almost ethereal effect, particularly when backlit by the sun.

Smokebush features rounded or ovate leaves that can range in color from green in the summer to vibrant shades of yellow, orange, and red in the fall, depending on the cultivar. This seasonal transformation makes it an attractive choice for year-round interest. Some varieties, such as 'Royal Purple,' have purple foliage, adding dramatic color to the landscape.

This hardy plant thrives in well-drained soils and enjoys full sun to partial shade. It is relatively low-maintenance once established and is drought-tolerant, making it suitable for a variety of gardening conditions. Smokebush can be pruned to maintain shape or size and is often used in mixed borders, as a focal point, or for privacy screens. Its unique appearance and adaptability make it a favorite among hobbyist gardeners seeking to enhance their outdoor spaces.

Where it Grows​

When to Plant​

When to Plant a Smokebush (Cotinus)

The Smokebush, known for its striking fluffy flower clusters that appear like puffs of smoke, is a deciduous shrub that is prized for its ornamental value. Knowing when to plant this versatile plant is essential for ensuring its successful growth and establishment.

Ideal Planting Time:

  1. Spring Planting: The best time to plant a Smokebush is during the spring, after the last frost has passed. This provides the plant with warm soil conditions and encourages strong root development as the growing season progresses.

  2. Fall Planting: In milder climates, planting can also be done in early fall, typically six weeks before the area’s first expected frost. This allows for rooting before winter dormancy, although take care to protect young plants from extreme frosts.

Factors to Consider:

  • Climate Zone: Smokebush is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8. If you live in an area with harsh winters, spring planting is preferable to give the plant time to acclimate before facing winter conditions.

  • Soil Temperature: For spring planting, ensure that soil temperatures have warmed sufficiently, ideally to at least 50°F (10°C) for optimal root growth.

  • Weather Conditions: Avoid planting during periods of extreme heat or drought, as these can stress the plant. Similarly, in very wet conditions, the risk of root rot increases.

Preparation for Planting:

Before planting, prepare the site by ensuring well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter. Smokebush thrives in full sun, so select a spot where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight each day.

Conclusion:

Timing your planting of the Smokebush is crucial for its successful establishment. By planting in the spring after the last frost or in early fall in suitable climates, you can set the stage for a vibrant and healthy shrub that adds beauty and character to your garden. Remember, proper site selection, soil preparation, and weather considerations all play an essential role in your Smokebush’s thriving future.

How to Plant​

Planting a Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria)

Smokebush, known for its distinctive feathery plumes and striking foliage, thrives when properly planted. To begin, select a suitable location with full sun to partial shade. Ideally, the site should have well-draining soil; while smokebush can tolerate various soil types, sandy or loamy soils are preferable. Avoid waterlogged areas, as this plant is sensitive to overly wet conditions.

  1. Preparation: Dig a hole that is twice the width and about the same depth as the root ball of your smokebush. Loosen the soil at the bottom of the hole to encourage root growth.

  2. Soil Amendments: If your soil is heavy clay or overly compacted, consider mixing in some compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and nutrient levels.

  3. Planting: Carefully remove the plant from its container and place it in the center of the hole. The top of the root ball should be level with the surrounding ground. Backfill with soil, gently firming it around the base.

  4. Watering: After planting, water thoroughly to settle the soil. Provide regular watering during the first growing season to establish a deep root system, but avoid overwatering.

  5. Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

With proper planting, your smokebush will flourish, bringing vibrant color and texture to your garden.

Watering​

When watering a Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria), it’s crucial to adopt a strategy that balances moisture with drainage. This deciduous shrub thrives in well-draining soil and prefers slightly dry conditions once established. The best approach is to water deeply but infrequently, allowing the top few inches of soil to dry out between watering sessions.

During the first growing season, keep the soil consistently moist to help establish a robust root system. Aim to water once a week, adjusting based on rainfall and temperatures. In hot, dry conditions, increase the frequency, but always check the soil moisture first. After the first year, reduce watering to once every 2-4 weeks, depending on climate and soil type. It's important to avoid waterlogging, as Smokebush is susceptible to root rot in overly wet conditions. Mulching can help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

Pruning​

Pruning a Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) is vital for maintaining its shape and enhancing its vibrant fall color and distinctive smoke-like flower clusters. The best strategy involves a few key steps:

  1. Timing: Prune during late winter or early spring before new growth starts. This timing encourages vigorous growth and better flowering.

  2. Shape and Size: Assess the plant’s natural shape. For a more compact form, cut back the stems by one-third to one-half their length, especially if the plant has become leggy.

  3. Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Start by cutting away any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. This promotes healthier growth.

  4. Thin Out: For an open, airy structure, selectively remove some of the older stems at ground level. This encourages new shoots and maintains the plant’s full appearance.

By following these steps, your Smokebush can thrive and showcase its unique beauty.

Weeding​

Weeding around a Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) requires a gentle yet effective approach to avoid damaging the plant's roots or foliage. The best strategy involves the following steps:

  1. Timing: Conduct weeding early in the morning or late in the afternoon when temperatures are cooler, reducing stress on both you and the plant.

  2. Mulching: Apply a 2-3 inch layer of organic mulch around the base of the Smokebush. This not only suppresses weed growth but also improves soil moisture retention and adds nutrients as it decomposes.

  3. Hand Weeding: Use your hands or a small weeding tool to carefully remove weeds. Focus on the root system to prevent regrowth, ensuring you don’t disturb the Smokebush’s roots nearby.

  4. Regular Maintenance: Weeding should be a consistent part of your gardening routine, ideally every few weeks during the growing season, to keep the area tidy and reduce competition for nutrients.

Mulching​

Mulching is an essential practice for the care of a Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria), as it helps retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. When mulching around a Smokebush, follow these steps for optimal results:

  1. Timing: Apply mulch in early spring after the soil has warmed or in late fall after the growing season is complete.

  2. Material Selection: Choose organic materials like shredded bark, wood chips, straw, or grass clippings as they break down over time, enriching the soil.

  3. Depth: Spread a layer of mulch 2-4 inches thick around the base of the plant, ensuring it doesn't touch the stem to prevent rot.

  4. Maintenance: Refresh mulch as needed, especially after heavy rainfall or wind, to maintain an even cover.

By following these tips, you can help your Smokebush thrive, enhancing its health and beauty in the garden.

Fertilizing​

Fertilizing a Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) can significantly enhance its growth and flowering. The best strategy involves a balanced approach, primarily during the growing season, from early spring to mid-summer.

Start by applying a slow-release, balanced fertilizer (such as a 10-10-10 NPK) at the beginning of spring, following the manufacturer’s recommended dosage. This encourages healthy foliage growth and vibrant blooms.

In addition, consider supplementing with organic compost or well-rotted manure around the base of the plant, enhancing soil structure and nutrient availability.

Avoid over-fertilization, as Smokebushes thrive in well-drained soils and excess nutrients can lead to leggy growth and reduced flower production. Keep an eye on the plant's health and adjust your fertilization routine as necessary, considering any specific soil deficiencies identified through a soil test. Regular, light feeding will promote a robust and aesthetically pleasing Smokebush.

Varieties​

Common Varieties of Smokebush (Cotinus)​

Smokebush, known scientifically as Cotinus, is a genus of flowering plants celebrated for its stunning foliage and unique, smoke-like flower structures. There are several notable varieties and cultivars, each with its distinct characteristics.

1. Cotinus coggygria (European Smokebush)​

  • Description: This species is native to Europe and parts of Asia. It typically grows as a multi-stemmed shrub or small tree, reaching heights of 10-15 feet.
  • Foliage: The leaves can be oval to rounded and are often purple or green, providing visual interest throughout the growing season.
  • Flowers: The fluffy, pinkish flower clusters appear in late spring to early summer and resemble clouds of smoke, hence the common name.

2. Cotinus obovatus (American Smokebush)​

  • Description: Native to North America, this variety is less commonly seen in cultivation. It can grow up to 20 feet tall.
  • Foliage: Its leaves are broad and oval, turning a vibrant yellow to orange in fall.
  • Flowers: The flower clusters are similar to those of Cotinus coggygria but often less pronounced.

3. ‘Royal Purple’​

  • Description: A popular cultivar derived from Cotinus coggygria, ‘Royal Purple’ is valued for its dark, purple foliage.
  • Foliage: The leaves emerge as deep purple and retain their color throughout the growing season, adding dramatic contrast in the garden.
  • Flowers: Produces abundant pinkish plumes in mid-summer.

4. ‘Grace’​

  • Description: This cultivar boasts an upright habit and is often used for its ornamental features.
  • Foliage: The leaves are green with a subtle bluish tint, turning yellow and orange in the fall.
  • Flowers: It produces airy, pinkish flowers that create a soft, misty effect.

5. ‘Pink Champagne’​

  • Description: This is a newer cultivar, known for its vibrant flower color.
  • Foliage: It features rich green leaves that provide a lush backdrop.
  • Flowers: The distinctive pink plumes have an especially soft appearance, making this variety a favorite for ornamental purposes.

6. ‘Young Lady’​

  • Description: A compact variety ideal for smaller gardens or landscapes.
  • Foliage: It has attractive foliage that changes from green to vibrant yellow and red in autumn.
  • Flowers: This cultivar exhibits soft, feathery blooms that create a stunning visual display.

Conclusion​

When choosing a Smokebush variety, consider the size of your space, the desired color palette, and the seasonal interest you wish to achieve in your garden. These plants are relatively low maintenance and provide excellent visual appeal throughout the seasons, making them a wonderful addition to any landscape.

Health Benefits​

Smokebush (Cotinus spp.), known for its striking, plume-like flower clusters, is not only appreciated for its ornamental value but also has notable health and wellness applications, particularly in traditional herbal medicine.

One of the prominent uses of smokebush is in the form of herbal remedies. The leaves and bark of the plant contain glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids, which are compounds known for their antioxidant properties. These properties help combat oxidative stress in the body and may promote overall wellness.

In traditional practices, smokebush has been utilized for its anti-inflammatory effects. Preparations made from its leaves have been used to soothe respiratory issues, acting as a mild expectorant. This can be beneficial for those suffering from coughs or bronchial congestion. Furthermore, smokebush has been historically regarded as a natural dye source, emphasizing its versatile applications beyond aesthetics.

While scientific research on smokebush is limited, its traditional uses highlight its potential in supporting health. Gardeners interested in herbal remedies may consider cultivating smokebush as a dual-purpose plant for both landscaping and wellness applications. However, it is advisable to consult with a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider before using any plant medicinally.

Fun Facts​

Fun Facts About Smokebush​

  • Dramatic Foliage: Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) is renowned for its stunning foliage, which can range from deep purple to vibrant green, depending on the variety. In the fall, the leaves transform into brilliant shades of orange and red, making it an eye-catching feature in garden landscapes.

  • Unique Smoky Plumes: The plant is named for its distinctive flower clusters, which resemble puffs of smoke. These feathery, airy blooms emerge in summer and persist into early fall, creating a striking effect that can last for weeks.

  • Variety of Cultivars: There are several cultivars of Smokebush available, including 'Royal Purple,' which boasts deep burgundy leaves, and 'Golden Spirit,' known for its bright yellow foliage. Each variety offers unique aesthetic qualities for garden planning.

  • Historical Uses: In the past, the leaves and bark of the Smokebush were used for tanning leather. Additionally, the plant has been associated with various medicinal properties, although contemporary medicinal uses are less common.

  • Resilience and Adaptability: Smokebush is a hardy plant that thrives in a range of soil types and conditions. It is drought-resistant once established, making it an excellent choice for low-maintenance gardens and xeriscaping efforts.