Skip to main content

Sunflower

Scientific Name: Helianthus annuus

Description​

The sunflower, known for its large, vibrant yellow petals and towering height, is a member of the Asteraceae family. It features a distinctive large flower head that can reach up to 30 cm (12 inches) in diameter, consisting of numerous small florets. Sunflowers are known for their heliotropic behavior, where young buds follow the sun across the sky.

Where it Grows​

  • United States
  • Mexico
  • Russia
  • Ukraine
  • Argentina

Planting​

When​

  • Spring: Plant seeds after the last frost date when soil temperature is above 10�C (50�F).

How​

  • Soil: Well-draining soil enriched with organic matter.
  • Depth: Plant seeds 1-2 inches deep.
  • Spacing: Space seeds 6-12 inches apart depending on the variety.

Care​

Watering​

  • Water the plants regularly, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged. During dry spells, provide 1 inch of water per week.

Thinning​

  • Thin seedlings to prevent overcrowding once they have reached about 6 inches in height, maintaining the healthiest plants.

Weeding​

  • Regularly remove weeds that can compete for nutrients and water. Use mulch to suppress weed growth.

Mulching​

  • Apply a layer of mulch to help retain soil moisture and regulate soil temperature.

Fertilizing​

  • Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer during planting and once more during the growing season for optimal growth.

Pest Management​

  • Monitor for pests such as aphids and caterpillars. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.

Harvesting​

  • Harvest sunflowers when the backs of the heads turn brown and the seeds begin to harden. Cut the heads off and hang them upside down to dry.

Common Problems​

  • Powdery Mildew: Prevent through proper spacing and watering at the base of the plant.
  • Downy Mildew: Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
  • Insect Infestations: Regular monitoring and management can help.

Nutrition​

Nutritional Benefits​

  • Sunflower seeds are a rich source of healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, providing energy and promoting heart health.

Nutritional Composition (per 100g)​

NutrientAmount
Calories584 kcal
Protein21 g
Total Fat51 g
Carbohydrates20 g
Fiber8.6 g
Vitamin E35.17 mg (180% DV)
Magnesium325 mg (81% DV)

Varieties of Sunflower​

  • Giant Sunflower: Tall plants producing large flower heads.
  • Dwarf Sunflower: Compact varieties suitable for small spaces.
  • Multipetaled Sunflowers: Unique flowers with many petals for ornamental use.

Health Benefits​

  • May improve heart health by lowering cholesterol.
  • Rich in antioxidants which help reduce inflammation.
  • Supports skin health due to high vitamin E content.

Fun Facts​

  • Sunflowers can grow up to 3.5 meters (12 feet) tall.
  • The seeds can be pressed to produce sunflower oil.
  • The sunflower is the state flower of Kansas.