Zinnia
Scientific Name: Zinnia elegans
Description
Zinnia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae), native to North America. These vibrant annuals are known for their bright colors, daisy-like blooms, and sturdy stems, making them popular in gardens and floral arrangements. They are available in a variety of sizes and colors.
Where it Grows
- United States
- Mexico
- Guatemala
- Brazil
- Argentina
Planting
When
- Spring: Best planted after the last frost.
- Fall: Can also be planted for late-season blooms in milder climates.
How
- Choose a sunny location with well-drained soil.
- Space seeds or seedlings about 12-18 inches apart.
- Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in the soil.
Care
Watering
- Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between watering.
Thinning
- Thin seedlings to ensure adequate space for growth; aim for about 12-18 inches apart.
Weeding
- Regularly remove weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
Mulching
- Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing
- Use a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Pest Management
- Monitor for aphids, spider mites, and insect pests; use neem oil or insecticidal soap for treatment.
Harvesting
- Cut flowers in the morning when buds are just starting to open for the best freshness.
Common Problems
- Powdery mildew can occur in humid conditions; prevent by improving air circulation.
- Zinnias can also be susceptible to root rot if overwatered.
Nutrition
Nutritional Benefits
- Rich in vitamins A and C, with antioxidant properties.
- Contains essential minerals like calcium and potassium.
Nutritional Composition (per 100g)
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 50 kcal |
| Protein | 2.2 g |
| Carbohydrates | 10.5 g |
| Fiber | 3.0 g |
| Fat | 0.8 g |
| Vitamin C | 20 mg |
| Calcium | 60 mg |
| Potassium | 200 mg |
Varieties of Zinnia
- Zinnia elegans: The most common variety, known for its variety of colors and sizes.
- Zinnia angustifolia: A smaller, more compact variety; great for borders.
- Zinnia haageana: Known for its unique, bi-colored blooms.
Health Benefits
- May help boost the immune system due to its vitamin content.
- Antioxidant properties may contribute to reduced inflammation.
Fun Facts
- Zinnias are named after the German botanist Johann Gottfried Zinn.
- They are often used in cut flower arrangements due to their longevity when cut.
- Zinnias attract butterflies and hummingbirds, making them great for pollinator gardens.