Cucumber
Scientific Name: Cucumis sativus
Description
Cucumbers are cylindrical, elongated fruits that belong to the gourd family. They are typically green, smooth-skinned, and crisp in texture. This refreshing vegetable is commonly used in salads, sandwiches, and various culinary dishes.
Where it Grows
- United States
- China
- Turkey
- India
- Mexico
Planting
When
Cucumbers are usually planted in the spring after the last frost, ideally when soil temperatures are consistently above 60�F (15�C).
How
- Select a sunny location with well-drained soil.
- Prepare the soil by loosening it and mixing in compost or well-rotted manure.
- Sow seeds approximately 1 inch deep and 36 inches apart, or use transplants.
Care
Watering
- Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during flowering and fruiting. Aim for 1-2 inches of water per week.
Thinning
- Thin seedlings to one strong plant every 12-36 inches when they have two sets of true leaves.
Weeding
- Regularly remove weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and prevent pests.
Mulching
- Apply a layer of mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing
- Fertilize with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at the time of planting and follow up with a high-potassium fertilizer during flowering.
Pest Management
- Monitor for common pests such as aphids, cucumber beetles, and spider mites. Use integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, including beneficial insects and organic sprays.
Harvesting
- Harvest cucumbers when they are 6-8 inches long for optimal taste and texture. Pick regularly to encourage continual production.
Common Problems
- Powdery Mildew: Fungal infection causing white powdery spots on leaves.
- Cucumber Beetles: Pests that can damage leaves and transmit diseases.
- Blossom End Rot: A physiological disorder causing the bottom of cucumbers to rot due to calcium deficiency.
Nutrition
Nutritional Benefits
- Low in calories
- High in water content (about 95%)
- Contains antioxidants and vitamins
Nutritional Composition (per 100g)
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 16 kcal |
| Protein | 0.7 g |
| Carbohydrates | 3.6 g |
| Dietary Fiber | 0.5 g |
| Fat | 0.1 g |
| Vitamin C | 2.8 mg |
| Potassium | 262 mg |
| Magnesium | 13 mg |
Varieties of Cucumber
- Slicing Cucumber (e.g., 'Marketmore', 'English)
- Pickling Cucumber (e.g., 'Kirby', 'Boston Pickling')
- Specialty Varieties (e.g., 'Lemon Cucumber', 'Armenian Cucumber')
Health Benefits
- Hydration: High water content aids hydration.
- Rich in Antioxidants: Support health and may help reduce chronic disease risks.
- Weight Management: Low calorie, high fiber, promoting satiety.
Fun Facts
- Cucumbers are technically classified as fruits.
- The longest cucumber recorded was over 42 inches long!
- They belong to the same family as melons and squash.