Tomato
Scientific Name: Solanum lycopersicum
Description
The tomato is a sweet, edible fruit that is often used as a vegetable in cooking. It belongs to the nightshade family and can vary in size, shape, color, and flavor, with the most common varieties being red, yellow, and green. Tomatoes are typically round or oblong, and they have a smooth, shiny skin.
Where it Grows
- United States
- Mexico
- Italy
- Spain
- India
- China
- Brazil
Planting
When
Tomatoes are usually planted in the spring after the last frost date. Depending on the variety, they can also be started indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost.
How
- Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil.
- Dig holes that are deep enough to bury the stem up to the first set of leaves.
- Space the plants 18-24 inches apart.
- Water thoroughly after planting.
Care
Watering
- Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
- Aim for about 1-1.5 inches of water per week, adjusting based on weather conditions.
Thinning
- Thin seedlings to the strongest plant, leaving 1-2 feet of space between plants to allow for growth and air circulation.
Weeding
- Keep the area around the plants free from weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
Mulching
- Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as straw or wood chips, to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing
- Use a balanced fertilizer at planting time and again every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Pest Management
- Monitor for common pests such as aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies.
- Use organic insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
Harvesting
- Harvest tomatoes when they are fully colored and slightly soft to the touch.
- Cut the stem with scissors to avoid damaging the plant.
Common Problems
- Blossom end rot
- Tomato hornworms
- Fungal diseases (e.g., gray mold, powdery mildew)
Nutrition
Nutritional Benefits
- Rich in vitamins C and K
- Contains antioxidants like lycopene, which is beneficial for heart health
Nutritional Composition (per 100g)
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 18 kcal |
| Protein | 0.9 g |
| Fat | 0.2 g |
| Carbohydrates | 3.9 g |
| Fiber | 1.2 g |
| Vitamin C | 13.7 mg |
| Potassium | 237 mg |
Varieties of Tomato
- Cherry Tomatoes
- Beefsteak Tomatoes
- Roma Tomatoes
- Grape Tomatoes
- Heirloom Tomatoes
Health Benefits
- May reduce the risk of heart disease
- Supports healthy skin
- Aids in digestion due to fiber content
Fun Facts
- Tomatoes were once considered poisonous and were known as "love apples."
- The world's largest tomato weighed over 7 pounds and was grown in Tennessee.
- Tomatoes are 95% water, making them a hydrating snack!