Cilantro
Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum
Description
Cilantro, also known as coriander, is an herb belonging to the Apiaceae family. It is characterized by its bright green, feathery leaves, and produces small white or pink flowers that eventually turn into seeds known as coriander. The leaves are commonly used in cooking for their fresh, aromatic flavor.
Where it Grows
- Mexico
- India
- China
- Middle Eastern countries
- United States (especially California)
Planting
When
Cilantro can be planted in early spring or late summer, depending on the climate zone. It thrives in cooler temperatures, typically between 50�F and 85�F (10�C to 29�C).
How
- Select a location with well-drained soil and full sunlight.
- Sow seeds directly in the ground or in containers, approximately 1/4 inch deep.
- Space the seeds 1-2 inches apart to allow for growth.
- Water the seeds gently but thoroughly.
Care
Watering
Cilantro requires regular watering, especially during dry periods. Ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.
Thinning
Once plants are about 2 inches tall, thin them to a spacing of 6-8 inches apart to prevent overcrowding.
Weeding
Regularly check for weeds and remove them to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
Mulching
Apply a layer of organic mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing
Cilantro generally does not require heavy fertilization. However, a balanced fertilizer can be applied sparingly during active growth.
Pest Management
- Monitor for aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies.
- Use insecticidal soap or neem oil as a natural pesticide if infestations occur.
Harvesting
Harvest cilantro when the leaves are vibrant green and healthy, typically around 3-4 weeks after planting. Snip the stems just above the base to encourage further growth.
Common Problems
- Bolting: Cilantro can bolt (flower and seed) quickly in hot weather, which can affect leaf production.
- Pest Infestations: Monitor for common pests and treat them promptly.
Nutrition
Nutritional Benefits
- Rich in vitamins A, C, and K.
- Contains antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties.
Nutritional Composition (per 100g)
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 23 |
| Protein | 2.1 g |
| Total Fat | 0.5 g |
| Carbohydrates | 3.7 g |
| Fiber | 2.8 g |
| Vitamin A | 3336 IU |
| Vitamin C | 27 mg |
| Vitamin K | 310 mcg |
Varieties of Cilantro
- Leafy Cilantro: Grown primarily for its leaves, which have a strong flavor.
- Coriander Seed: Grown for its seeds, used as a spice in various cuisines.
Health Benefits
- Can help lower blood sugar levels.
- Acts as an antibacterial agent.
- May help in detoxification processes.
Fun Facts
- Cilantro is a staple in many cuisines worldwide, including Mexican, Middle Eastern, and Indian.
- The flavor of cilantro is often polarizing; some people find it fresh and delicious, while others perceive it as soapy due to genetic factors.
- It is considered a member of both the culinary and medicinal herb categories, often used in traditional remedies.